India–Canada Trade: What India Exports to Canada
Discover what India exports to Canada, including pharmaceuticals, textiles, gems, and machinery, with key India–Canada trade data from 2024 to 2026.
India and Canada have a strong trade relationship. In 2025, two-way merchandise trade on a customs basis was approximately C$13.6 billion, including approximately C$9.7 billion in Canadian imports from India. Imports from India rose 20.6% from 2024, mainly due to diamonds, office machines and medicaments.
India also supplies Canada with pharmaceuticals, precious stones and jewellery, iron and steel products, textiles, food products, and other manufactured goods. But which products make up the largest share of India’s exports to Canada, and how is the trade relationship changing? Keep reading as we break down India’s leading exports, recent trade trends, and what ongoing Canada–India trade negotiations could mean for the years ahead.
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India–Canada Trade at a Glance
On a customs basis, Canada and India recorded about C$13.6 billion in two-way merchandise trade in 2025. Canada imported approximately C$9.7 billion worth of goods from India and exported about C$3.9 billion worth of goods to India. Canadian imports from India therefore accounted for the larger share of merchandise trade during the year.
Canadian merchandise imports from India increased by around 20.6% over 2024. Global Affairs Canada says much of the growth was led by diamonds, office machines and medicaments. These figures are useful in providing context to India’s top exports to Canada.
What Does India Export to Canada?
Pharmaceuticals
Based on India-reported UN Comtrade data, pharmaceuticals were India’s largest export category to Canada in 2025, with exports valued at about US$544 million. Medicaments packaged for retail sale accounted for about US$511 million of that amount. India’s large pharma manufacturing sector supports its role as a major supplier of finished medicines and other pharmaceutical products in international trade markets. Pharmaceuticals are also among India’s top exports to Canada.
Machinery and Electrical Equipment
India exported about US$353 million worth of machinery, mechanical equipment, boilers, and boiler parts to Canada in 2025. Another US$225 million was for electrical and electronic equipment. These exports include industrial machinery, telecommunications equipment, transformers, electrical converters, cables, switches, and other industrial, commercial, and consumer electrical machinery.
Gems, Jewellery, Iron, and Steel Products
India also exports precious stones, precious metals, pearls, jewellery, and other related products to Canada. India is a major player in the global gems and jewellery industry, and this broad export category was valued at around US$306 million in 2025. Articles of iron or steel accounted for another US$297 million, making these manufactured products an important part of India’s exports to Canada.
Chemicals and Plastics
In 2025, the value of organic chemical exports to Canada from India was approximately US$237 million, and the value of plastics and plastic articles was approximately US$164 million. Chemicals, plastics and other compounds are used in pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, packaging, and other industrial and commercial processes.
Textiles and Apparel
Textiles and clothing are still important Indian exports to Canada. Other fabricated textile products were estimated to be worth around $150 million in 2025, and knitted or crocheted garments around $125 million. India also exports a wider range of textile products to the Canadian market, including fabrics, clothing, home textiles and cotton-based products.
Seafood, Food Products, and Vehicles
Seafood and agricultural products are also included in India’s exports to Canada. Exports of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other aquatic products were valued at approximately US$159 million in 2025, compared with rice exports of approximately US$111 million. Vehicles excluding railroad and tramway equipment contributed around US$140 million suggesting that India’s export mix is not limited to pharmaceuticals and industrial goods.
What Drives Trade Between India and Canada?
Complementary Economic Strengths
Canada and India share complementary economic strengths. India has a large manufacturing and services base, while Canada is strong in agriculture, energy, natural resources, and technology. These differences can create a comparative advantage and support wider trade between Canada and India.
The size of India's economy also creates commercial opportunities. Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy cited India's GDP at about C$4.0 trillion in 2021.
Canadian Exports and Complementary Trade
In 2025, major Canadian exports to India included:
- Vegetables
- Mineral fuel and oils
- Wood pulp
These continue to be important Canadian exports to India, while fertilizer was also a major Canadian export in previous years. This complementary trade allows both countries to supply products in areas where they have established strengths.
Digital and Clean Technology Opportunities
The expansion of India’s digital economy is opening opportunities across digital industries, including AI (Artificial Intelligence), cloud services, and semiconductors. Digital payments are also growing alongside the country’s e-commerce expansion and developing financial technology sector.
Clean technology offers further opportunities in renewable energy, hydrogen, critical minerals, and emission-reduction technologies. Canadian critical minerals could also support India's EV (Electric Vehicles) and battery supply chains.
Business Networks, Trade Offices, and Logistics
Canada's presence in India includes the High Commission in New Delhi, a Consulate General in Mumbai, and trade offices in key Indian cities, such as Ahmedabad. Canadian businesses can use these networks to connect with local contacts, learn about the local market and obtain market information.
Reliable logistics also have an impact on shipping price, customs and delivery time. India's Commerce and Industry Minister took a trade delegation of more than 120 companies to Canada in May 2026, boosting the commercial relations between the two countries.
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How India’s Exports to Canada Are Changing
Changes in the Product Mix
Canadian merchandise imports from India increased strongly in 2025. On a customs basis, imports reached about C$9.7 billion, up 20.6% from 2024. Growth was driven mainly by diamonds, office machines, and medicaments. India’s export mix also includes pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, electrical equipment, textiles, and food products, showing that bilateral trade in goods spans a wide range of sectors.
The value and mix of trade can change from year to year because of demand, prices, exchange rates, manufacturing output, supply-chain conditions, and trade policies. Businesses should therefore consider both long-term trends and recent product-level data.
Goods and Services Trade Trends
Goods are not the only aspect of the relationship. In 2025, the value of services exports to India was estimated to be approximately C$15.2 billion, and services imports from India were estimated to be approximately C$4.5 billion.
This shows that the broader India-Canada trade and investment relationship includes services and other economic activity in addition to physical goods.
India’s Growing Export Relationship With Canada
Expanding Commercial Connections
India's export relationship with Canada encompasses a wide spectrum of products. In 2025, Canada imported about C$9.7 billion worth of merchandise from India on a customs basis. Its principal imports were precious stones and metals, machinery, and pharmaceutical products. The trade comprises a wide range of traditional products, manufactured goods, and higher-value products.
Major Indian exports to the Canadian market include:
- Pharmaceuticals
- Machinery and electrical equipment
- Precious stones and metals
- Iron and steel products
- Chemicals and plastics
- Textiles and apparel
- Seafood and other food products
- Vehicles
Trade Policy and Market Access
Future growth will also depend on trade policy and business conditions. A completed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) could improve market access and reduce certain tariff and non-tariff barriers, but the final effect will depend on the provisions agreed by both governments.
Businesses should continue to review customs requirements, product regulations, transportation costs, and other market-access conditions before making trade decisions.
The Future of India–Canada Trade and CEPA
CEPA Negotiations and the March 2026 Milestone
Canada and the government of India advanced CEPA negotiations during Prime Minister Mark Carney’s visit in March 2026, signing the Terms of Reference and aiming to conclude negotiations by the end of 2026.
CEPA covers:
- Trade in goods and services
- Investment
- Agriculture and agri-food
- Digital trade
- Mobility
- Sustainable development
If completed, CEPA could improve market access and create clearer rules for bilateral trade in goods and services. However, the agreement remains under negotiation and is not yet in force.
Diplomatic Relations and Business Mobility
The talks have progressed alongside improving diplomatic relations. Mark Carney and Narendra Modi met at the G7 Summit in June 2025, where they discussed trade, supply chains, technology, and energy cooperation.
CEPA also covers business mobility, but it does not automatically change visa or immigration requirements. Any changes will depend on each country’s laws and the final agreement.
Long-Term Trade Outlook
Canada and India aim to increase two-way trade to C$70 billion annually by 2030, strengthening their broader economic partnership while supporting Canada’s effort to diversify exports beyond the United States over the next decade.
Future trade between Canada and India could expand across energy, agriculture, manufacturing, digital technology, services, critical minerals, and clean technology.
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